电大资源网《理工英语4》综合测试形考任务答案（课程号：04008）2025年秋

第一部分：交际用语

1、—This seafood soup is too sour and hot, don't you think so?—（）I think it's just right actually.

A. Not really.

B. I hope so.

C. Sounds good.

2、—Diana, do you eat apple every day?—（）

A. No, sometimes I'd have a boiled egg.

B. I always eat it because it's spicy.

C. Porridge is Andy's favorite.

3、—Good morning, Susan. Would you mind going to get me a cup of coffee?—（）

4、—5I apologize for the terrible mistake I made yesterday.-（）

A. It serves you right!

B. Never mind.

C. Not at all.

5、—I wonder if I could use your portable computer tonight?—（）I'm not using it right now.

A. It doesn't matter.

B. No, you can't.

C. Sure, here you are.

6、—What an awful day!—（）

A. Yes, the heat is killing me.

B. Yes, the temperature is comfortable.

C. Yes, the weather is pretty agreeable.

7、—I'm leaving for Tibet on business tomorrow.—（）

A. Bring me a present.

B. Let's check out.

C. Have a pleasant trip!

8、—Do you understand what professor Lin said just now?—（）

A. More or less.

B. From time to time.

C. It's up to you.

9、—When shall we meet this evening, at 8:00 or at 8:30?—（）

A. Any time is OK.

B. Either time will be OK.

C. You make the time.

10、—How far is it from chemistry building to the library?—（）

A. It's a white building.

B. It'll take less than 5 minutes.

C. Thank you for the information.

11、—Terribly sorry, John. I think I was a bit rude to you just now.—（）, but don't do that again!

A. Take care

B. Forget it

C. With pleasure

12、—Oh. Dear! I've lost my new iPad mini.—（）

A. Terrific！

B. That's all right.

C. What a pity!

13、—Why is it so hard to get fast service in this store?—（）

A. Don't be too particular about it.

B. I'm really sorry about that.

C. I don't think it's hard.

14、—Excuse me, is this the right direction for the National Arts Museum?—（）

A. Don't go like that direction.

B. You are in the opposite direction.

C. You can take a taxi.

15、—When do you celebrate Christmas in New Zealand?—（）

A. We'll hold a big party.

B. In summer time.

C. The same to you!

16、—Hi! Haven't seen you for ages. How's everything?—（）

A. You are the general manager.

B. I'm Helen. Nice to meet you.

C. What a pleasant surprise! I'm fine. And you?

17、—Why didn't you invite Elisabeth to join your new program?        —You know she's（）

A. a wet blanket.

B. a lucky dog.

C. an early bird.

18、—Aren't you crazy about tennis? Why not sign up for it?—（）

A. It sounds attractive.

B. Come on!

C. You are just crazy.

19、—May I have a bit more of this wine?—（）

A. Of course, it is expensive.

B. Sure, let me pour it for you.

C. Sure, let's go Dutch.

20、—I suppose you have been buying new year gifts for your children.—（）

A. It's difficult to choose actually.

B. It's too expensive and useless.

C. I haven't decided what to buy for my wife.

21、—I get at least half an hour exercise of listening English every day.—Terrific!（）

A. Good luck!

B. Keep it up!

C. Cheer up!

22、—Is it better to be physically attractive or intelligent?—（）

A. Yes, it is very attractive.

B. No, it is hard to decide.

C. For me, be intelligent is better, but that depends on.

23、—We also have a food sanitation management law, but it is not strictly enforced.—（）I think another reason may be connected with industrialization of food production.

A. So sorry to hear that.

B. Thank you for telling me.

C. This is

24、—B&N has many stores where customers can buy the products and get help.—（）Amazon doesn't provide that!

A. It's amazing!

B. It's exciting!

C. It's pleasure!

25、—Doctor, I've got a sore throat and fever. I'm afraid I've got a flu.        —Let me have a look.（）

A. Many persons have died of it.

B. Take it easy, you just got a cold.

C. Flu is a serious disease.

26、—There are so many sweaters that I don't know which to choose. Can you recommend one?—（）

A. They are specially designed.

B. The black sweater suits you well.

C. I can't decide at all.

27、—Long time no see, Jeffery? Do you still remember me?—（）

A. Here is my business card.

B. Oh, it's you, Doctor Lin. Nice to meet you!

C. Good. I'm also here for the conference.

28、—Thank you ever so much for the Huawei Watch you sent me.—（）

A. I'm glad you like it.

B. No thanks at all.

C. Please don't say so.

29、—Could you roll up your left sleeve? I'd like to take your blood pressure.—（）

A. Your welcome.

B. I need urgent care.

C. Certainly.

30、—I get at least half an hour exercise of listening English every day.—Terrific!（）

A. Good luck!

B. Keep it up!

C. Cheer up!

31、—China Mobile customer service. Good morning! Can I help you?—（）

A. No, I don't need any help.

B. I pay the bill by traveler's check.

C. I have trouble in dialing the telephone.

32、—Do I need to take some more medicine?—（）

A. How wonderful it is.

B. The pleasure is mine.

C. No, I don't think so.

33、—Aren't you crazy about tennis? Why not sign up for it?—（）

A. It sounds attractive.

B. Come on!

C. You are just crazy.

34、—Is the flight from Shanghai to Singapore on time?—（）

A. No, it's a morning flight.

B. No, it's a two—hour flight.

C. No, it's delayed two hours.

35、—I'll be free from 3:00 tomorrow afternoon. Do you think it's convenient for you?—（）

A. I'm quite right.

B. That's quite all right.

C. It's my pleasure.

 

第二部分：词汇与结构

1、Catherine, would you give some opinions about my PPT?—（）, however, I have one suggestion.

A. It looks too bad

B. It looks a little unnecessary

C. It looks fine to me

2、（）I know, she is a keen observer of the nature.

A. As well as

B. As long as

C. As far as

3、He used to be afraid of biochemistry but he has（）that now.

A. gone through

B. got over

C. cut down

4、If my husband refuses to sign the document,（）.

A. so will I

B. nor I will

C. neither will I

5、Some of the experiments（）in our textbook are difficult to perform.

A. to describe

B. describing

C. described

6、This candidate（）Spanish for six years by the time he takes his examination.

A. has been studying

B. will have studied

C. had studied

7、The reason why I plan to go there is（）if I don't.

A. because she will be disappointed

B. why she will be disappointed

C. that she will be disappointed

8、It is known to all that a lot of actor industry（）accepted plastic surgery.

A. celebrations

B. celebrities

C. celebrates

9、After lengthy talks the two companies finally reached a（）.

A. compromise

B. comprise

C. compress

10、You can go to the university（）you pass the entrance examination.

A. only if

B. although

C. as though

11、My doctors（）that I had high risk of liver cancer.

A. accounted

B. cultivated

C. estimated

12、（）or not is still not known.

A. If he will attend the conference

B. Whether he will attend the conference

C. Whether he attends the conference

13、Richard,（）, works in isolation but I have no doubts about his abilities.

A. on instance

B. as instance

C. for instance

14、Be careful!（）!

A. The bus comes here

B. There is a bus

C. Here comes the bus

15、（）how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Richard had to ask his brother for help.

A. Not to know

B. Not known

C. Not knowing

16、It's very smart（）of such a terrific ideA.

A. for your thinking

B. of you to think

C. of your thinking

17、If you want to download this file, you need to connect your mobile phone（）Internet first.

A. to

B. with

C. for

18、He told the police that he saw two robbers（）the apartment last night.

A. burst into

B. to burst into

C. bursting into

19、（）the final examination is over, we can go outside for a picnic.

A. Even though

B. Now that

C. However

20、It is said that this kind of kiwi fruit（）, however they taste delicious.

A. are highly priced

B. is highly priced

C. highly prices

21、This case is an（）to the rule.

A. exceeding

B. exception

C. execution

22、While reading an article, we should（）our attention（）the meaning of the whole article rather than that of the new words.

A. pay...about

B. focus...on

C. notice...to

23、（）language, maths and history, the children are also taught music and art.

A. Beside

B. In addition to

C. In spite of

24、（）is known to the world, Hemingway is a great American writer.

A. That

B. As

C. It

25、Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the company（）.

A. was accepted

B. were accepted

C. have accepted

26、It's required that the student（）the term paper tomorrow.

A. will finish

B. finishes

C. finish

27、It was last Sunday（）I met your elder brother at the school gate.

A. when

B. which

C. that

28、The output of our company this month is（）that of last month.

A. twice as much as

B. twice as many as

C. as twice much as

29、（）twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.

A. Being bitten

B. Had been bitten

C. Having been bitten

30、With all this work on hand, he（）to the cinema last night.

A. wouldn't have gone

B. mustn't have gone

C. shouldn't have gone

31、Nowhere else in the world（）more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.

A. you can find

B. has been found

C. can you find

32、I was about（）the office when the telephone rang.

A. to leave

B. leaving

C. to leaving

33、（）he can recover soon, I don't mind how much money I have to pay.

A. As far as

B. As soon as

C. As long as

34、So far as I'm（）, some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.

A. concerned

B. concerning

C. concerned about

35、Contraction should not be used in（）writing.

A. formal

B. familiar

C. former

36、Mr. Black bought two toys, but（）can please his children.

A. either

B. neither

C. any

37、It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and（）knowledge.

A. intensive

B. extensive

C. defensive

38、The（）why Space Shuttle Columbia exploded was not clear.

A. cause

B. reason

C. excuse

39、Tim can't（）the maths problem he is working at.

A. count out

B. figure out

C. seek out

40、We have great interest in folk music, so（）Jack（）I are going to the concert this evening.

A. either…or

B. not only…but also

C. both…and

41、Michael said that he（）Brussels several times.

A. have been to

B. had gone to

C. had been to

42、They want the multimedia laboratory（）as soon as possible.

A. to set up

B. to be set up

C. being set up

43、Lucy, I need to tell you（）.

A. urgent something

B. something urgent

C. nothing urgent

44、Please write down the（）about the conversation we heard today with time order and cause—effect.

A. summary

B. summering

C. summarize

45、The new system of taxation will take（）next year.

A. effect

B. efficiency

C. affection

46、Doctor Black is reputed to be the best heart（）in the country.

A. surplus

B. surround

C. surgeon

47、Do you know the student（）Mrs. Green is talking with?

A. that

B. whom

C. whose

48、You（）afraid of any difficulties. Be bold and overcome them.

A. need not to be

B. need not be

C. don't need

49、（）the future, we are full of confidence.

A. Look into

B. Looking into

C. To be looked into

50、It's very smart（）of such a terrific ideA.

A. for your thinking

B. of you to think

C. of your thinking

51、In this country the demonstrators offered little or no（）to the police.

A. resistance

B. assistance

C. consistence

52、You should catch up with your classmates,（）you will fall behind.

A. moreover

B. otherwise

C. however

53、（）more than one hundred elements are known, only twenty—five of them are common and important.

A. Although

B. Since

C. Whatever

54、Nowadays many companies are（）from a shortage of skilled staff.

A. suffering

B. conferring

C. differing

55、When she arrived, I felt a little angry, because I（）since seven o'clock.

A. have been waited

B. had been waiting

C. were waiting

56、So little（）about chemistry that the lecture was completely beyond me.

A. do I know

B. did I know

C. I did knew

57、I like climbing mountains（）my sister prefers water sports.

A. even though

B. now that

C. while

58、It's free from the Google Play store and our Remote Service is offered free of（）.

A. charge

B. change

C. exchange

59、I think the benefits of opening up space far（）the damage that we can see.

A. outweigh

B. outwit

C. outwear

60、Most cancer has no obvious early symptoms,（）it is easy for it to escape diagnosis.

A. because

B. since

C. hence

61、You can stay in my room（）you promise not to use the computer.

A. except

B. provided

C. provided

62、Foreign Trade（）as an effective means by the government to stimulate national economy.

A. is regarded

B. is regarding

C. has regarded

63、Mary is（）to join the army.

A. not enough old

B. enough not old

C. not old enough

64、Since the bus is overcrowded, we（）.

A. had better walk to home

B. had better to walk home

C. had better walk home

65、You will quickly get used to（）this new digital camerA.

A. using

B. use

C. be used

66、A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the（）of the trip.

A. destination

B. destiny

C. determination

67、I can（）him to you for the job, for he is a very good software engineer.

A. advise

B. recommend

C. prompt

68、He seems（）to handle the tough problems.

A. able

B. capable

C. competent

69、This artist is highly individualistic and may not（）everyone.

A. appeal to

B. appear to

C. approach to

70、All the people in the classroom are frustrated（）the few who have passed the test.

A. exclude from

B. except for

C. include in

71、With the introduction of the computer, libraries today are quite different from（）they were in the past.

A. that

B. which

C. what

72、It is said that this kind of kiwi fruit（）, however they taste delicious.

A. are highly priced

B. is highly priced

C. highly prices

73、The basketball team（）made up of 10 players.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

74、It seems to me that the curtains do not（）the decoration.

A. equal to

B. mate with

C. match

75、After the 50 kilometers cross—country skiing, all the contestant were（）.

A. tied

B. exhausted

C. energetic

76、They talked to each other（）they had been friends for years.

A. though

B. as though

C. even though

77、He didn't tell me（）or go home.

A. whether to wait

B. if to wait

C. if that she should to wait

78、if that she should to wait

A. insist on

B. devote to

C. seek out

79、Hawaii, along with California and Florida,（）among the most popular US tourist destinations.

A. is

B. are

C. will be

80、Only in a few countries（）a reasonable standard of living.

A. the whole population enjoys

B. did the whole population enjoy

C. does the whole population enjoy

81、Elisabeth asked Michael if it was the place（）he bought the flowers.

A. that

B. which

C. where

82、A working party（）to look into the problem.

A. has been set up

B. has set up

C. is setting up

83、Read the book carefully,（）you'll find lots of information related to our research.

A. if

B. and

C. while

84、You should do（）investigations on this matter.

A. much farther

B. more further

C. further

85、A high—quality company must promote originality and encourage（）.

A. foundation

B. innovation

C. installation

86、We trust this new machine of ours will（）to your market.

A. appease

B. appear

C. appeal

87、In the UK professors have many other duties（）teaching, such as research work or administration.

A. except

B. besides

C. except for

88、The city's underground（）more people than the buses.

A. sends

B. fetches

C. carries

89、Where are you going to have the iPad Mini（）?

A. to repair

B. repairing

C. repaired

90、The author believes that the incident described in the passage（）.

A. cannot be taken seriously

B. should no longer be permitted

C. seems completely reasonable

91、Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The robot platforms are going to be invaluable and costly.

B. Robots will learn more like humans do in the future.

C. Robots can perform all the tasks that they're programmed to do.

92、The author writes this passage in order to（）.

A. inform

B. instruct

C. predict

D. persuade

93、The story tells the readers the truth that（）.

A. where there is a will, there is a way

B. the most useless is usually the most useful

C. one person's trash is another person's treasure

D. we hate throwing cigarette butts.

94、From this passage, we can learn that lab—grown edible meat（）.

A. exists in science fiction only

B. is yet to come and it will solve some practical problems

C. will not be accepted by the masses

D. is bad for people

95、Which of the following statements is true about Westlake College?

A. All teachers use computers.

B. 1500 students have laptops.

C. It is an old college in AmericA.

D. Students there can do everything.

96、What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?

A. Neutral.

B. Critical.

C. Objective.

D. Compromising.

97、According to the passage, resources such as wind（）.

A. are sustainable but not replaceable

B. are renewable so sustainable

C. are sustainable so renewable

D. are irreplaceable

98、All of the following are effects of environmental problems except:

A. Animal extinction

B. Worldwide pollution

C. Space travel

D. An uninhabitable planet

 

第三部分：阅读理解（单选）

题目：

Can trees talk? Yes, but not in words. Scientists have reason to believe that trees do communicate (交际) with each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First a willow tree attacked in the woods by caterpillars (毛虫) changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped eating them. Then even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special smell—a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make them less tasty.

Communication, of course, doesn't need to be in words. We can talk to each other by smiling, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and animals use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees where to find nectar (花蜜) for honey. So why shouldn't trees have ways of sending message?

 

 

 

题目：

Would a robot serving you coffee in bed make waking up easier on weekday mornings? Could a household robot help an elderly relative who is living alone? How would you like to climb into a robotic car and eat breakfast with the kids while you're all driven to school and work?

These scenarios may sound like science fiction, but experts say they're a lot closer to becoming reality than you probably think.

Brown University roboticist Chad Jenkins expects a near-term robot revolution that will echo the computing revolution of recent decades. And he says it will be driven by enabling robots to learn more like humans do—by watching others demonstrate behaviors and by asking questions.

 “The robots you're seeing now mostly are analogous to the mainframe computers of the 1970s,” Jenkins said. “But you're starting to see things develop. The vacuum cleaners, the drones, those are the initial steps,” he said, referring to iRobot's Roomba vacuum cleaner, which has autonomously cleaned millions of homes since its 2002 debut.

 “And these platforms are going to get cheaper while becoming more capable and more compact,” he added.

And entrepreneurs like Dmitry Grishin, founder of a major Russian Investment firm dedicated to personal robotics, have taken notice. He says the industry could be worth $18 billion by 2015.

But to really transform, roboticists say, robots will have to evolve from machines that can perform only the tasks they're programmed to do into automatons that can truly learn. That's because it's impossible to preprogram a robot for everything it will encounter in the ever-changing real world.

“If you look at where robots are successful right now, it's primarily in applications where the environment is very controlled, like an assembly line where everything is the same, or in the hands of experts with PhDs, where we see them on Mars,” said ChernovA.

“To really get them to handle the complexities of our real world,” she said, “they are going to have to be customized onsite. It's not going to happen tomorrow, but it's very close.”

 Such a leap could help bring robots into the mainstream.

 

 

题目：

Japan is getting tough about recycling—and not in the paper and plastic kind of way. Recently, the country requires that all electronic goods—TVs, VCRs, stereos, and more—be recycled. But recycling will not be left to consumers, instead, the devices will be sent to the original manufacturer for proper disposal.

 The new law poses a few challenges to manufacturers who are now rushing to set up collection networks and perfecting techniques to disassemble and recycle older products. With an eye toward the future, they are also integrating easily recycled materials into new products. Plastics, a major component of most electronic products, pose a particular obstacle because their quality becomes worse and worse with age, losing strength and flexibility even if reprocessed. NEC Corp. overcomes this problem by creating a plastics sandwich, in which the filling is 100 percent recycled plastic and the outer layers a mixture of 14 percent recycled material. The resulting plastic has sufficient strength and toughness for use as a case for desktop PCs. The company, in cooperation with plastic maker Sumitomo Dow, has also developed a new plastic, which engineers claim retains（保留） its mechanical properties through repeated recycling. NEC uses the plastic, which is also flame-retardant (阻燃的) in battery cases for notebook PCs.

 Meanwhile, Matsushita Electric, maker of the Panasonic brand, is avoiding plastic in favor of magnesium (镁). Magnesium, says the company, is ideal for recycling because it retains its original strength through repeated reprocessing. Matsushita has developed molding techniques to form magnesium into the case for a 21-inch TV. Unfortunately, the magnesium case and energy-saving features make the TV about twice as expensive as an ordinary model. The company hopes, however, that increased use of magnesium will eventually bring prices down.

 

 

 

题目：

If you see a person carelessly throwing a cigarette to the ground, what are you likely to think? That depends. If you hate people throwing things on the ground, you might think, “That person should not litter. ” If you are a smoker, you might think, “ I would sure like a cigarette right now. ” Most likely, though, you are not thinking, “You know, that unused cigarette butt could be used to make something, something amazing! ”

 That is, unless you are a creative scientist. If you are, you may see a possibility where others simply see trash. That is just what has happened in South KoreA. The spirit of invention can hit at the strangest times and in the most unusual places. In South Korea, it happened near a trash can.

 Kim Gil-Pyo is with Seoul National University. Mr. Kim says he saw people throwing away cigarette butts. And that got him thinking. He began wondering if something useful could be made from them. The result? Mr.Kim and other researchers found a way to turn cigarette butts into the materials required for high-performance batteries. We often say, “ One person's trash is another person's treasure. ” And in this example, this is unquestionably true.

 Kim Gil-Pyo says he and his fellow researchers looked closely at used cigarette filters. The filter is the part of the cigarette that smokers put into their mouths. Mr. Kim explains that the filters can be made into another material: carbon. He says the filters are changed through a one-step burning process. After this, he says, they are turned into an energy storage material.

 Carbon has many qualities that seem to make it the perfect material. Carbon can easily carry an electrical current. It also stays stable, unlikely to change, for a long time. And carbon does not cost a lot. All these qualities make it the most popular material for making super-capacitors.

 Super-capacitors are good at storing energy. They have high-powered mass. They require only a short time for re-charging. And they have a long lifecycle. Super-capacitors are used in products such as laptop computers and cell phones. They are also used in industrial energy converters, like wind turbine machines. Combining carbon and super-capacitors seems like a perfect marriage.

Mr. Kim says that cigarette butts could affect the economy in a huge way. They could prove to be a low-cost source of carbon material. They are so cheap that smokers throw them on the ground, and you don't get much cheaper than that.

 

 

 

题目：

Here's a crazy idea: Combine bioprinting and tissue engineering to “print” animal products and tackle some of the planet's biggest problems. Animal farming, after all, accounts for about half of all human-caused greenhouse gases, taking place on one third of the available, non-frozen land on Earth, all to feed people's appetites for 300 million tons of meat a year.

 Modern Meadow is a Missouri-based startup that engineers tissues to create lab-grown edible meat, in a process that eliminates many of the negative environmental effects associated with traditional livestock practices.

 The company claims that by carefully layering mixtures of cells of different types in a specific structure, in vitro meat production becomes feasible. It's set a short-term goal of printing a sliver of meat around two centimeters by one centimeter, and less than half a millimeter thick, which is edible.

 The company explains in a submission to the United States Department of Agriculture: “The technology has several advantages in comparison to earlier attempts to engineer meat in vitro. The bio-ink particles can be reproducibly prepared with mixtures of cells of different types. Printing ensures consistent shape, while post- printing structure formation and maturation in the bioreactor facilitates conditioning.”

 However, it admits that the road ahead is strewn with difficulties. “The consumer acceptance of such products may not be without challenges. We expect it will first appeal to culinary early-adopter consumers and the segment of the vegetarian community that rejects meat for ethical reasons. With reduction in price, it can reach the masses with religious restrictions on meat consumption (people restricted to Hindu, Kosher, Halal diets) and finally populations with limited access to safe meat production.”

 Whatever the final outcome, lab-grown edible meat is no longer in the realm of science fiction. It is coming.

 

 

 

题目：

Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.

Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees—anywhere at all!

Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.

 At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”

 

 

题目：

The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."

 In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, Iwas fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...

What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers (汉堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

 

 

 

题目：

Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world's energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the world's poor too. "Renewable" refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.

The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. China's Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the US's Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of China's entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contribute greenhouse gases.

 In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines.

 As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation—quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents.

(1)What are the energy resources that are renewable according to the passage?

(2)China's Three Gorges Dam（）.

(3)Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

(4)Which of the following statements is true about wind power?

(5)According to the passage, resources such as wind（）.

 

 

题目：

In our modern world, there are many factors that place the wellbeing of the planet in jeopardy（危险）. While some people have the opinion that environmental problems are just a natural occurrence（发生）, others believe that human beings have a huge impact on the environment. Regardless of your viewpoint, take into consideration the following factors that place our environment as well as the planet Earth in danger.

 Global warming or climate change is a major contributing factor to environmental damage. Because of global warming, we have seen an increase in melting ice caps, a rise in sea levels, and the formation of new weather patterns. These weather patterns have caused stronger storms, droughts, and flooding in places that they formerly did not occur.

 Air pollution is primarily caused as a result of excessive and unregulated emissions of carbon dioxide into the air. Pollutants mostly emerge from the burning of fossil fuels in addition to chemicals, toxic substances, and improper waste disposal. Air pollutants are absorbed into the atmosphere, and they can cause smog, a combination of smoke and fog, in valleys as well as produce acidic precipitation in areas far away from the pollution source.

 In many areas, people and local governments do not sustainably use their natural resources. Mining for natural gases, deforestation, and even improper use of water resources can have tremendous effects on the environment. While these strategies often attempt to boost local economies, their effects can lead to oil spills, interrupted animal habitats, and droughts.

 Ultimately, the effects of the modern world on the environment can lead to many problems. Human beings need to consider the repercussions of their actions, trying to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials while establishing environmentally sustainable habits. If measures are not taken to protect the environment, we can potentially witness the extinction of more endangered species, worldwide pollution, and a completely uninhabitable planet.

 

第四部分：阅读理解（判断）

 

题目：

These maps are made for talking and touching. And they're beautiful, too. Touch-responsive maps bring interactive way-finding to a new level, providing independence to the visually impaired.

 Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access (IDEA Center) tested a new kind of interactive way-finder: 3D maps that vocalize building information and directions when touched.

 The technology is designed with an important mission in mind: to help visually impaired visitors navigate public spaces like museums and college campuses.

 It's really about giving this audience, this population, a way to understand their environment. We're providing a level of information that allows them to navigate their environment easily, without help, which gives them a sense of independence.

 As guests explore the model with their hands, the map announces building names and directions for getting to destinations. A menu controlled by just three buttons lets users browse a verbal index of all points of interest.

Sound effects embedded in the landscape serve as auditory landmarks for people who are visually impaired: a fountain gurgles when tapped, and a bell tower chimes.

 The touch-responsive models solve the “last mile problem” for blind pedestrians, who can often navigate to a building or campus address using GPS, but then need help to get to the classroom building or doctor's office where they need to be.

Though the technology has been designed for people with visual impairments, the multisensory models make way for a better experience for everyone.

 

 

 

题目：

With a teeny waist, exaggerated breasts, icy-blue eyes, 21-year-old Valeria says she is the real natural deal. A real-life Barbie, that is.

That's what she claims anyway, but many people doubt her claims. Whether she underwent plastic surgery or uses Photoshop remains unclear. On her blog, the model notes that she is the most famous woman on the Russian Internet because of her doll-like appeal. Hundreds of photos on her Facebook page show a wide-eyed, nearly fake-looking Valeria posing in a variety of outfits.

The model did not return requests for comment. If Photoshop is not a factor in getting Valeria's look, she likely underwent a barrage of plastic surgery. The president of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) said, plastic surgery should never be used to transform oneself into a favorite celebrity or, in this case, a play toy. He also warns patients to keep in mind that plastic surgery is real surgery with real risks, just as with any operation, so the decision should not be taken lightly.

 Whether Valeria is real or fake, photoshopped or a product of plastic surgery, the mystery of her existence is not the issue. The problem is that her unnatural image exemplifies the issue of objectification of women in today's society.

 Barbie has always been controversial and really changed the discussion on how girls play. When Barbie came into existence, play suddenly became about dressing up and looking right and it eventually played a role in how women wanted to look in real life.

 Valeria is an extreme example of societal expectations of perfect beauty. If society expects women to look like that, it is harder for almost any woman to totally resist it.

 

 

 

题目：

A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.

 "It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.

 The British Geological Survey said the 4. 3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 A. m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8. 5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.

 Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.

 "I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me," said Hedrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. "I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. "

 There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.

 The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6. 1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.

 

 

题目：

Something else could be coming soon to a vehicle near you: more technology, the kind that could help your car talk to others around it. Unlike some proposed cars of the future, it would not actually do the driving for you. But it could warn you about what other drivers are doing. The U.S. government may require this feature in the future, but it would add to the cost of the car.

 Vehicles of the future could be cars that talk to the driver and each other. The U.S. government wants them on the road soon, pushing for technology that would warn drivers of danger coming from any direction.

 It's called vehicle-to-vehicle technology. Cars would send wireless messages to each other within about 300 yards, communicating information like speed, direction and GPS position ten times per second. When cars share this information, they can account for all the vehicles around them, which means they are able to identify possible crashes.

 The technology sees around corners, over hills and through other vehicles. For example, my car will tell me that there are five cars just ahead of me, and I can slow down beforehand while the vehicle ahead sends my car a message giving me enough time to react.

33,000 Americans are killed and 2.3 million injured in car crashes every year. The Department of Transportation (DoT) predicts, talking cars could prevent up to 80 percent of crashes involving sober drivers.

 Five major car companies have been working with DoT on developing and testing the technology. 3,000 cars are already using it as part of a government pilot test. Sometime after 2016, the U.S. government hopes your car will be able to communicate with you.

While DoT hopes to make this technology the rule by 2016, it will still need the public to weigh in before anything is finalized. Now, as for privacy, the government says that data sent between cars doesn't record personal information, so your privacy should not be compromised.

 

 

题目：

Surgery in the future will look very different. Where now there may be up to a dozen medical professionals present in the operating theater, soon there may be only two or three, with robots having taken over many of the jobs done by nurses and support staff. Even the surgeon may be elsewhere.

 Telerobotics enables a doctor to do surgery at a distance. “ It's easy to imagine a future where, if I need a medical specialist from afar, a robot could remotely become his or her eyes, hands, and ears,” says JoannetPransky, an expert on robot psychiatry.

The first medical robots are already being used in hospitals now—the da Vinci Surgical System was approved for use by the U.S. government in 2000, and more will follow.

 “These robots work on the ‘master slave’ concept, with the surgeon as the master,” says Dr. Ara Darzi. “The da Vinci system has three arms, and you can add a fourth, with 3D stereo imagery available during surgery. It also has a motion scaling concept, which can be scaled down to five-to-one, so you can be much more precise than a human hand could. The surgeon feels very similar sensations if he or she was working with their hands. ”

The robots act as an extension of a practitioner's skills, which allows them to perform better by helping improve control and precision. Already robots are being used to position endoscopes, and even perform gallbladder surgery. The hope is that soon they will be able to perform major operations such as heart surgery, perhaps using nanotech tools—microscopic robots—that would make the need to crack open a patient's chest a thing of the past.

 Robots will also help surgeons cope with the exhaustion of long procedures, and the da Vinci system's mechanics have been programmed to compensate for the hand tremors tired surgeons sometimes suffer from.

 

 

 

题目：

Every time you go online you leave a trail. This is just like a real footprint. It reveals where you've been, how long you stayed and what you've been doing there. Every time you register for an online service, send an email, download a video or upload a photo, the information can be accessed and your digital footprint can be revealed. It is advisable to be aware of your digital footprint and to be cautious and sensible when you are online.

 The following are some tips for taking care of your digital footprint:

 Don't forget to log off when you leave a website, especially if you are using a shared computer. If you don't, someone can easily pretend to be you!

 Don't tell anyone your passwords and don't write them down in an obvious place. Make them more complex by using a combination of letters, numbers and punctuation marks.

 Tell an adult if you come across anything online that makes you upset, anxious or concerned. There are ways to report inappropriate or abusive content and in most cases web managers respond rapidly.

 Remember your favourite websites by using the history button and the bookmark function on your computer or mobile device. This is a way that your digital footprint can work in your favour, but remember to clear your browser history regularly.

 Protect your identity online. Be careful about who you share personal information with and always think twice before sharing details like your email, home address, school or phone number with someone.

 All kinds of people are interested in your digital footprint. It's now quite common for colleges, universities and employers to check out the online profiles of possible candidates as part of their application process. There are cases of people having missed out on jobs and places in college because their digital footprint didn't impress the recruiters. So, remember: keep safe, don't put too much personal information online and always think carefully before you post something.

 

 

 

题目：

Apple Inc's “next big thing” is coming—finally.

 Apple Watch, a wearable device, is set to challenge the players in the Chinese market, much like what iPhone has done in the smartphone market.

Though local companies move earlier in the wearable devices market, the U.S. tech giant's watch is set to dominate the market after its launch next year, analysts said. “There will be a great change in the coming months,” said Daniel Matte, an analyst. “Smart wearable bands should not imitate but instead insist on their own unique design.”

 Chinese companies have released a number of wearable devices over the past few months. A week before the Apple Watch launch, Baidu Inc, the biggest online search provider in China, announced its first wearable device — Baidu Eye smart glasses. Lenovo Group Ltd, the world's largest personal computer maker, also launched its own smart glasses that can take photos. Xiaomi Corp, a Beijing-based smartphone brand, also introduced a 79yuan($13) bracelet which can track basic movements.

 With a sale price of about $350, the Apple Watch is expected to hit the market in early 2015 with more than a dozen accessory designs. After the smart watch release, Apple will dominate the wearable gadget market in 2015, threatening other players’ positions, according to a report published by Forrester Research Inc.

(1)Apple Watch is set to challenge the players in the Chinese market.

(2)The U.S. tech giant's watch has dominated the market after its launch.

(3)Some Chinese companies have released a number of wearable devices before the Apple Watch launch.

(4)Baidu Inc is the world's largest personal computer maker.

(5)The Apple Watch will be provided with more than a dozen accessory designs for its consumers.

 

 

题目：

Some scientists have predicted that healthy adults and children may one day take drugs to improve their intelligence and intellectual performance. A research group has suggested that such drugs might become as common as coffee or tea within the next couple of decades.

To counter this, students taking exams might have to take drugs tests like athletes. There are already drugs that are known to improve mental performance, like Ritalin, which is given to children with problems concentrating. A drug given to people with trouble sleeping also helps people remember numbers.

These drugs raise serious legal and moral questions, but people already take vitamins to help them remember things better, so it will not be a simple problem to solve. It will probably be very difficult to decide at what point a food supplement becomes an unfair drug in an examination.

 

 

 

题目：

My mother fought breast cancer for almost a decade and died at 56. My children never have the chance to know her and experience how loving and gracious she was. We often speak of “Mommy's mommy”, and they asked if the same could happen to me. I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is I carry a “faulty” gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

 My doctors estimated that I had an 87 percent risk of breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer. Once I knew that this was my reality, I decided to be proactive and to minimize the risk as much as I could.

 My own process began on Feb. 2 with a procedure known as a “nipple delay”, which rules out disease in the breast ducts behind the nipple and draws extra blood flow to the areA. This causes some pain and a lot of bruises, but it increases the chance of saving the nipple.

 Two weeks later I had the major surgery, where the breast tissue is removed and temporary fillers are put in place. The operation took eight hours.

Nine weeks later, the final surgery is completed with the reconstruction of the breasts with an implant. On April 27, I finished the three months of medical procedures that the mastectomies involved.

 I wanted to write this to tell other women that the decision to have a mastectomy was not easy.

 But it is one I am very happy that I made. My chances of developing breast cancer have dropped from 87 percent to under 5 percent. I can tell my children that they don't need to fear they will lose me to breast cancer.

 The cost of testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, at more than $3,000 in the United States, remains an obstacle for many women. Life comes with many challenges. The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of.

 

 

第五部分：翻译题

英译汉

1、Ultimately, 3D Print Canal House is an architectural research.

2、every coin has two sides.

3、Read and accept the Terms and Conditions if you agree with them.

4、Chinese companies have released a number of wearable devices over the past few months.

5、Space tourism is becoming cheaper and more popular.

6、It can print all kinds of desserts and starters.

7、It is said to be a different product from Google Glass in terms of functionality.

8、A 3D printer cannot print everything you want.

9、Without water, there is no life on the earth.

10、Its capital city is growing quickly, but so is the city's crime rate.

11、Scientists are working on how to grow food in space to support long—term space missions.

12、She is an extreme example of societal expectations of perfect beauty.

13、By 2050, the world's population is projected to rise to 9 billion.

14、Vehicles of the future could be cars that talk to the driver and each other.

15、If that were to happen, just contact our nearest agent.

 

汉译英

1、你可以浏览书架找书来读。

2、这台机器能够让医生进行远程手术。

3、建筑师们一直很乐观。

4、太空酒店可能会在未来几年内成为现实。

5、这些平台未来性能会更加强大，但价格会更便宜。

6、科学家们在研究太空种植。

7、我希望很快能听到您的消息。

8、即使我们不能达成一致，我们也应该保持联系。

9、这张照片让我们想起了在夏令营里度过的日子。